Against the global carbon-reduction backdrop, natural refrigerants are returning to the center of the refrigeration industry. R290 (propane), with ODP of zero and GWP of only 3, is regarded as one of the most long-term sustainable refrigerant choices.
Performance and charge advantages
R290 has high latent heat of vaporization and low liquid density; at the same cooling capacity the required charge is only about 40% of R22. The smaller charge reduces unit cost and, objectively, the safety exposure of the flammable fluid. Moreover, R290 is compatible with common mineral and alkylbenzene oils, so the lubrication system need not change.
In heat-pump applications, R290’s critical temperature reaches 96.7℃, maintaining good efficiency at higher supply water temperatures, giving it clear advantages in heating heat pumps and industrial high-temperature heat pumps.
Safety standards are the prerequisite
R290’s ASHRAE classification is A3, a flammable fluid. The prerequisite for scale-up is strict adherence to relevant safety standards, including per-unit charge limits, minimum room area, leak detection and ventilation design. Manufacturing must use explosion-proof electrical components, and installation and service must be done in ventilated environments with explosion-proof tools and dedicated recovery equipment.
Maturing supply chain
In recent years, the maturity of domestic R290-specific compressors, explosion-proof controls and leak sensors has improved significantly; mainstream A/C makers have launched R290 models and passed relevant certifications. With standards and construction codes improving, the conditions for R290 to move from demonstration to scale are in place.
Kaierwen’s R290 propane refrigerant has a purity of no less than 99.9%, with non-condensable gas strictly controlled, complying with GB/T 35604-2017, offered in 5 kg to 118 kg specifications to meet different customers’ needs.